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Biblioteca (s) : |
INIA Las Brujas. |
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Fecha : |
22/02/2021 |
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Actualizado : |
22/02/2021 |
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Tipo de producción científica : |
Artículos en Revistas Indexadas Internacionales |
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Autor : |
MAESO, D.; FEDERICI, M.; MARTÍNEZ, A.; SILVERA, M.; GONCALVEZ, L. |
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Afiliación : |
DIEGO CESAR MAESO TOZZI, INIA (Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria), Uruguay; MARIA TERESA FEDERICI RODRIGUEZ, INIA (Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria), Uruguay; A. MARTÍNEZ, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Repu?blica, Montevideo, Uruguay.; MARIANA SILVERA ORREGO, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Repu?blica, Montevideo, Uruguay.; ANA LUCIA GONCALVEZ, INIA (Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria), Uruguay. |
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Título : |
Studies on pear decline disease in Uruguay. [Conference paper]. |
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Fecha de publicación : |
2021 |
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Fuente / Imprenta : |
Acta Horticulturae, February 2021, N°1303, p. 343-350. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2021.1303.48 |
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ISSN : |
0567-7572 (print); 2406-6168 (electronic) |
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DOI : |
10.17660/ActaHortic.2021.1303.48 |
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Idioma : |
Inglés |
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Notas : |
Article history: Published 5 February 2021. In: Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 1303: XIII International Pear Symposium, Montevideo, Uruguay. Conveners: Roberto Zoppolo, Danilo Cabrera. Editors: Roberto Zoppolo, Danilo Cabrera, D. Granatstein. |
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Contenido : |
Abstract:
Pear decline (PD) caused by 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri' (subgroup 16SrX-C of apple proliferation or AP group of phytoplasmas) is an important pear disease (Pyrus communis L.). Pear production in Uruguay is based on 'Williams' plants initially grafted on quince that are planted deep and thus transformed into scion-rooted trees. Less vigorous rootstocks like Pyrus spp. and quinces that could be more susceptible to decline are beginning to be used for precocity. Surveys were conducted on plants grafted on different rootstocks to know if PD was present in the pear growing area of Uruguay (southern part near Montevideo city) by searching for premature reddening, upward rolling of leaves and decline. Phytoplasmas were observed in 35 of 70 samples using the DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-fenilindol) staining test. Ten positive and 10 negative samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using AP-group specific primers f01/r01. A 930 bp amplicon was obtained only from all DAPI positive samples. The f01/r01 amplicon was sequenced and showed 100% identity with the 16S rRNA gene sequence of PD phytoplasma in the NCBI database. A relationship was observed between phytoplasma detection, reddening, psylla infestation and premature leaf fall in this survey in 1995. Presence of PD-symptoms and phytoplasma detection by PCR were also evaluated in an experiment where 20 pear scion/rootstock combinations were compared during 2005-2011. Plants of self-rooted 'Williams' or grafted onto OH×F 40 and OH×F 69 stocks showed less early reddening and leaf fall than plants grafted onto quince rootstocks. Phytoplasma detection in this trial varied among seasons and was not associated with the presence of symptoms. Phytoplasmas were detected in pear psylla insects during the whole 2009-2011 seasons in four pear orchards. An association between the effectiveness of psylla control, phytoplasma detection and early reddening and leaf fall was found in an experiment with traditional 'Williams' self-rooted plants in 2011. These results indicate the presence of PD phytoplasma in Uruguayan pear orchards and in psylla insects during the whole season.
@ International Society for Horticultural Science. MenosAbstract:
Pear decline (PD) caused by 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri' (subgroup 16SrX-C of apple proliferation or AP group of phytoplasmas) is an important pear disease (Pyrus communis L.). Pear production in Uruguay is based on 'Williams' plants initially grafted on quince that are planted deep and thus transformed into scion-rooted trees. Less vigorous rootstocks like Pyrus spp. and quinces that could be more susceptible to decline are beginning to be used for precocity. Surveys were conducted on plants grafted on different rootstocks to know if PD was present in the pear growing area of Uruguay (southern part near Montevideo city) by searching for premature reddening, upward rolling of leaves and decline. Phytoplasmas were observed in 35 of 70 samples using the DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-fenilindol) staining test. Ten positive and 10 negative samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using AP-group specific primers f01/r01. A 930 bp amplicon was obtained only from all DAPI positive samples. The f01/r01 amplicon was sequenced and showed 100% identity with the 16S rRNA gene sequence of PD phytoplasma in the NCBI database. A relationship was observed between phytoplasma detection, reddening, psylla infestation and premature leaf fall in this survey in 1995. Presence of PD-symptoms and phytoplasma detection by PCR were also evaluated in an experiment where 20 pear scion/rootstock combinations were compared during 2005-2011. Plants of self-rooted 'Williams' or g... Presentar Todo |
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Palabras claves : |
Cacopsylla bidens; Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri; European pear; Scion-rootstock affinity. |
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Asunto categoría : |
F30 Genética vegetal y fitomejoramiento |
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Marc : |
LEADER 03270naa a2200253 a 4500
001 1061745
005 2021-02-22
008 2021 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
022 $a0567-7572 (print); 2406-6168 (electronic)
024 7 $a10.17660/ActaHortic.2021.1303.48$2DOI
100 1 $aMAESO, D.
245 $aStudies on pear decline disease in Uruguay. [Conference paper].$h[electronic resource]
260 $c2021
500 $aArticle history: Published 5 February 2021. In: Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 1303: XIII International Pear Symposium, Montevideo, Uruguay. Conveners: Roberto Zoppolo, Danilo Cabrera. Editors: Roberto Zoppolo, Danilo Cabrera, D. Granatstein.
520 $aAbstract: Pear decline (PD) caused by 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri' (subgroup 16SrX-C of apple proliferation or AP group of phytoplasmas) is an important pear disease (Pyrus communis L.). Pear production in Uruguay is based on 'Williams' plants initially grafted on quince that are planted deep and thus transformed into scion-rooted trees. Less vigorous rootstocks like Pyrus spp. and quinces that could be more susceptible to decline are beginning to be used for precocity. Surveys were conducted on plants grafted on different rootstocks to know if PD was present in the pear growing area of Uruguay (southern part near Montevideo city) by searching for premature reddening, upward rolling of leaves and decline. Phytoplasmas were observed in 35 of 70 samples using the DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-fenilindol) staining test. Ten positive and 10 negative samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using AP-group specific primers f01/r01. A 930 bp amplicon was obtained only from all DAPI positive samples. The f01/r01 amplicon was sequenced and showed 100% identity with the 16S rRNA gene sequence of PD phytoplasma in the NCBI database. A relationship was observed between phytoplasma detection, reddening, psylla infestation and premature leaf fall in this survey in 1995. Presence of PD-symptoms and phytoplasma detection by PCR were also evaluated in an experiment where 20 pear scion/rootstock combinations were compared during 2005-2011. Plants of self-rooted 'Williams' or grafted onto OH×F 40 and OH×F 69 stocks showed less early reddening and leaf fall than plants grafted onto quince rootstocks. Phytoplasma detection in this trial varied among seasons and was not associated with the presence of symptoms. Phytoplasmas were detected in pear psylla insects during the whole 2009-2011 seasons in four pear orchards. An association between the effectiveness of psylla control, phytoplasma detection and early reddening and leaf fall was found in an experiment with traditional 'Williams' self-rooted plants in 2011. These results indicate the presence of PD phytoplasma in Uruguayan pear orchards and in psylla insects during the whole season. @ International Society for Horticultural Science.
653 $aCacopsylla bidens
653 $aCandidatus Phytoplasma pyri
653 $aEuropean pear
653 $aScion-rootstock affinity
700 1 $aFEDERICI, M.
700 1 $aMARTÍNEZ, A.
700 1 $aSILVERA, M.
700 1 $aGONCALVEZ, L.
773 $tActa Horticulturae, February 2021, N°1303, p. 343-350. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2021.1303.48
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INIA Las Brujas (LB) |
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| Acceso al texto completo restringido a Biblioteca INIA La Estanzuela. Por información adicional contacte bib_le@inia.org.uy. |
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Registro completo
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Biblioteca (s) : |
INIA La Estanzuela. |
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Fecha actual : |
03/09/2020 |
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Actualizado : |
03/09/2020 |
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Tipo de producción científica : |
Artículos en Revistas Indexadas Internacionales |
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Circulación / Nivel : |
Internacional - -- |
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Autor : |
ERRECART, P,M.; MARINO, M.A.; AGNUSDEI, M.G.; LATTANZI, F.; DURAND, J-L |
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Afiliación : |
PEDRO MANUEL ERRECART, Unidad Integrada Balcarce (Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Balcarce-Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata), Ruta Nacional 226 km 73.5, Balcarce, Argentina.; MARÍA ALEJANDRA MARINO, Unidad Integrada Balcarce (Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Balcarce-Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata), Ruta Nacional 226 km 73.5, Balcarce, Argentina.; MÓNICA GRACIELA AGNUSDEI, Unidad Integrada Balcarce (Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Balcarce-Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata), Ruta Nacional 226 km 73.5, Balcarce, Argentina.; FERNANDO A. LATTANZI, INIA (Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria), Uruguay; JEAN-LOUIS DURAND, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies Plantes Fourragères (URP3F), INRA, Route de Saintes, Lusignan, France. |
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Título : |
The intensity of water stress dictates whether the N status of temperate-type perennial grass swards is affected by drought. |
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Fecha de publicación : |
2020 |
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Fuente / Imprenta : |
Field Crops Research, 15 October 2020, Volume 257, Article number 107928. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107928 |
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DOI : |
10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107928 |
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Idioma : |
Inglés |
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Notas : |
Article history: Received 28 February 2020/ Received in revised form 23 July 2020/ Accepted 27 July 2020. Corresponding author:
E-mail address: errecart.pedro@inta.gob.ar (P.M. Errecart). |
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Contenido : |
Abstract:Temperate-type, summer-active cool-season perennial grasses are frequently exposed to dry spells during the warm season due to the high atmospheric demand and fast soil desiccation. Since water availability is essential for sward nitrogen (N) uptake and most mineral N is located in the topsoil, water stress may hinder sward N nutrition if it reduces N supply. In hydro-halomorphic soils, imbalances between soil N supply and sward N demand during summer could be further aggravated by, first, the limited water holding capacity of the topsoil, and second, potential availability of water from deep, N-poor soil horizons that are kept moist by a shallow water table. The aim of this work was to quantify the effect of N and water availability on N status and productivity of temperate-type perennial swards growing in a hydro-halomorphic soil of the Flooding Pampa. During two consecutive years, shoot and root dynamics, as well as radiation capture, N nutrition index (NNI), soil water availability and leaf water potential were followed over six weeks long mid-summer regrowths of old stands (>9 years) of temperate-type tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] sown on a typical Natraqualf soil in Balcarce, Argentina. Swards were either rainfed or irrigated and fertilized with either 40 or 200 kg de N ha?1. Root systems were large (5.8?9.3 Mg DM roots ha?1), but concentrated mostly in the 0.2 m topsoil (66%?75% of root biomass or length). Despite invariably high available water below 0.4 m throughout both experimental periods, rainfed swards faced transient episodes of water stress whenever the upper soil layer dried out. Tall fescue swards were strongly co-limited by water and N during summer, showing comparable, very high responses to both N addition and irrigation. Further, forage yield showed synergistic increases when swards received both supplemental water and N simultaneously. This was mainly due to consistent synergistic responses in radiation use efficiency and leaf lifespan. Sward NNI was depressed only by an historically severe drought but was not altered when water stress intensity was lower, close to average for the season in the area. Therefore, the major causes of typically low summer productivity of temperate-type tall fescue growing in hydro-halomorphic soils of the Flooding Pampa are the intrinsic effects of low N and low water availability, with only uncommonly extreme water stress episodes reducing yield indirectly through an aggravation of crop N status. MenosAbstract:Temperate-type, summer-active cool-season perennial grasses are frequently exposed to dry spells during the warm season due to the high atmospheric demand and fast soil desiccation. Since water availability is essential for sward nitrogen (N) uptake and most mineral N is located in the topsoil, water stress may hinder sward N nutrition if it reduces N supply. In hydro-halomorphic soils, imbalances between soil N supply and sward N demand during summer could be further aggravated by, first, the limited water holding capacity of the topsoil, and second, potential availability of water from deep, N-poor soil horizons that are kept moist by a shallow water table. The aim of this work was to quantify the effect of N and water availability on N status and productivity of temperate-type perennial swards growing in a hydro-halomorphic soil of the Flooding Pampa. During two consecutive years, shoot and root dynamics, as well as radiation capture, N nutrition index (NNI), soil water availability and leaf water potential were followed over six weeks long mid-summer regrowths of old stands (>9 years) of temperate-type tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] sown on a typical Natraqualf soil in Balcarce, Argentina. Swards were either rainfed or irrigated and fertilized with either 40 or 200 kg de N ha?1. Root systems were large (5.8?9.3 Mg DM roots ha?1), but concentrated mostly in the 0.2 m topsoil (66%?75% of root biomass or length). Despite invariably high availa... Presentar Todo |
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Thesagro : |
ESTRES HIDRICO; NITROGEN. |
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NAL Tesauro : |
FORAGE YIELD; NITROGEN NUTRITION INDEX; RESOURCE CO-LIMITATION; ROOTS; WATER-NITROGEN INTERACTION. |
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Asunto categoría : |
-- |
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Marc : |
LEADER 03615naa a2200277 a 4500
001 1061293
005 2020-09-03
008 2020 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
024 7 $a10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107928$2DOI
100 1 $aERRECART, P,M.
245 $aThe intensity of water stress dictates whether the N status of temperate-type perennial grass swards is affected by drought.$h[electronic resource]
260 $c2020
500 $aArticle history: Received 28 February 2020/ Received in revised form 23 July 2020/ Accepted 27 July 2020. Corresponding author: E-mail address: errecart.pedro@inta.gob.ar (P.M. Errecart).
520 $aAbstract:Temperate-type, summer-active cool-season perennial grasses are frequently exposed to dry spells during the warm season due to the high atmospheric demand and fast soil desiccation. Since water availability is essential for sward nitrogen (N) uptake and most mineral N is located in the topsoil, water stress may hinder sward N nutrition if it reduces N supply. In hydro-halomorphic soils, imbalances between soil N supply and sward N demand during summer could be further aggravated by, first, the limited water holding capacity of the topsoil, and second, potential availability of water from deep, N-poor soil horizons that are kept moist by a shallow water table. The aim of this work was to quantify the effect of N and water availability on N status and productivity of temperate-type perennial swards growing in a hydro-halomorphic soil of the Flooding Pampa. During two consecutive years, shoot and root dynamics, as well as radiation capture, N nutrition index (NNI), soil water availability and leaf water potential were followed over six weeks long mid-summer regrowths of old stands (>9 years) of temperate-type tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] sown on a typical Natraqualf soil in Balcarce, Argentina. Swards were either rainfed or irrigated and fertilized with either 40 or 200 kg de N ha?1. Root systems were large (5.8?9.3 Mg DM roots ha?1), but concentrated mostly in the 0.2 m topsoil (66%?75% of root biomass or length). Despite invariably high available water below 0.4 m throughout both experimental periods, rainfed swards faced transient episodes of water stress whenever the upper soil layer dried out. Tall fescue swards were strongly co-limited by water and N during summer, showing comparable, very high responses to both N addition and irrigation. Further, forage yield showed synergistic increases when swards received both supplemental water and N simultaneously. This was mainly due to consistent synergistic responses in radiation use efficiency and leaf lifespan. Sward NNI was depressed only by an historically severe drought but was not altered when water stress intensity was lower, close to average for the season in the area. Therefore, the major causes of typically low summer productivity of temperate-type tall fescue growing in hydro-halomorphic soils of the Flooding Pampa are the intrinsic effects of low N and low water availability, with only uncommonly extreme water stress episodes reducing yield indirectly through an aggravation of crop N status.
650 $aFORAGE YIELD
650 $aNITROGEN NUTRITION INDEX
650 $aRESOURCE CO-LIMITATION
650 $aROOTS
650 $aWATER-NITROGEN INTERACTION
650 $aESTRES HIDRICO
650 $aNITROGEN
700 1 $aMARINO, M.A.
700 1 $aAGNUSDEI, M.G.
700 1 $aLATTANZI, F.
700 1 $aDURAND, J-L
773 $tField Crops Research, 15 October 2020, Volume 257, Article number 107928. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107928
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