03425naa a2200325 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902200140006002400560007410000140013024500940014426000090023850001160024752023690036365000180273265000310275065000270278165000260280865000230283465300180285765300270287565300240290265300210292670000240294770000180297170000180298970000200300770000240302777300480305110500562018-09-19       2014    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d  a0929-13937 ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.11.0022DOI1 aLEONI, C.  aSclerotium rolfsii dynamics in soil as affected by crop sequences.h[electronic resource]  c2014  aArticle history: Received 13 June 2013 // Received in revised form 11 October 2013 // Accepted 3 November 2013.  aABSTRACT.  Crop rotation has been used for the management of soilborne diseases for centuries, but has not often been planned based on scientific knowledge. Our objective was to generate information on Sclerotium rolfsii dynamics under different crop or intercrop activities, and design and test a research approach where simple experiments and the use of models are combined to explore crop sequences that minimize Southern blight incidence.The effect of seventeen green manure (GM) amendments on sclerotia dynamics was analyzed in greenhouse and field plot experiments during two years. The relative densities of viable sclerotia 90 days after winter GM (WGM) incorporation were generally lower than after summer GM (SGM) incorporation, with average recovery values of 60% and 61% for WGM in the field, 66% and 43% for WGM in the greenhouse, and 162% to 91% for SGM in the greenhouse, in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Sclerotia survival on day d after GM amendment was described by the model Sf=Si×exp(-b×d), relating initial (Si) and final (Sf) sclerotia densities. Relative decay rates of the sclerotia (b) in SGM amended soil were largest for alfalfa (0.0077±0.0031day-1) and sudangrass (0.0072±0.0030day-1). In WGM amended soil, the largest b values were for oat (0.0096±0.0024day-1), wheat (0.0090±0.0024day-1) and alfalfa (0.0087±0.0023day-1).The effect of three cropping sequences (sweet pepper-fallow, sweet pepper-black oat and sweet pepper-onion) on sclerotia dynamics was analyzed in microplot experiments, and the data were used to calibrate the model Pf=Pi/(?+?Pi), relating initial (Pi) and final (Pf) sclerotia densities. Median values for the relative rate of population increase at low Pi (1/?, dimension less) and the asymptote (1/?, number of viable sclerotia in 100g of dry soil) were 8.22 and 4.17 for black oat (BO), 1.13 and 8.64 for onion (O), and 6.26 and 17.93 for sweet pepper (SwP).By concatenating the two models, sclerotia population dynamics under several crop sequences were simulated. At steady state, the sequence SwP-O-Fallow-BO resulted in the lowest long-term sclerotia density (7.09. sclerotia/100. g soil), and SwP-Fallow in the highest (17.89. sclerotia/100. g soil). The developed methodology facilitates the selection of a limited number of rotation options to be tested in farmers' fields.   © 2013 Elsevier B.V.  aABONOS VERDES  aDINÁMICA DE LA POBLACIÓN  aMODELOS DE SIMULACIÓN  aROTACIÓN DE CULTIVOS  aSCLEROTIUM ROLFSII  aCROP ROTATION  aGREEN MANURE AMENDMENT  aPOPULATION DYNAMICS  aSIMULATION MODEL1 aTER BRAAK, C. J. F.1 aGILSANZ, J.C.1 aDOGLIOTTI, S.1 aROSSING, W.A.H.1 aVAN BRUGGEN, A.H.C.  tApplied Soil Ecology, 2014gv.75, p.95-105.