03057naa a2200289 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902200140006002400340007410000180010824501500012626000090027650001280028552021270041365000110254065000130255165000160256465300110258065300150259170000180260670000150262470000270263970000160266670000150268270000130269777300570271010594072019-11-11       2018    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d  a1095-99987 a10.1016/j.fm.2018.07.0052DOI1 aGARMENDIA, G.  aSpecies composition, toxigenic potential and aggressiveness of Fusarium isolates causing Head Blight of barley in Uruguay.h[electronic resource]  c2018  aArticle history: Received 22 September 2017// Revised 14 March 2018//Accepted 12 July 2018// Available online 17 July 2018.  aABSTRACT:Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is a major constraint to barley production that substantially reduces yield and grain quality. FHB is also a major food safety concern because FHB pathogens contaminate grain with trichothecenes and other mycotoxins. DNA sequence-based analyses and in-vitro toxin assessments were used to characterize the species and trichothecene chemotype composition of FHB pathogens on barley in Uruguay. F. graminearum was the dominant species (89.7%), and three other members of the F. graminearum species complex (FGSC) were identified as FHB pathogens of barley in Uruguay for the first time. Other minor contributors to FHB species diversity included F. poae, F. avenaceum, F. pseudograminearum and an unnamed species from the F. incarnatumequiseti species complex (FIESC). Most isolates (89.7%) had the 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) trichothecene type. However, the results expanded the known area of occurrence within Uruguay for the nivalenol (NIV) toxin type, which was observed among isolates from three species of the FGSC, F. pseudograminearum, and F. poae. Isolates with the 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) or NX-2 toxin types were not observed, although a previously published multilocus genotyping assay was updated to identify NX-2 strains. Analyses of population structure and comparisons with FHB isolates from wheat in Uruguay indicated that F. graminearum constitutes a single genetic population with no evidence of population differentiation related to the sampled hosts. Inter and intraspecific differences were observed in aggressiveness toward four barley genotypes with different levels of resistance to FHB, and in general nivalenol producers were the least aggressive isolates. Sensitivity to metconazole was approximately 10 times higher than was detected for tebuconazole. This is the first report regarding tebuconazole and metconazole sensitivity for Fusarium species causing FHB in barley in Uruguay, and constitutes an important starting point for monitoring temporal or spatial changes in FGSC sensitivity, which is critical to define FHB management practices.  aCEBADA  aFUSARIUM  aMICOTOXINAS  aBARLEY  aMYCOTOXINS1 aPATTARINO, L.1 aNEGRIN, C.1 aMARTÍNEZ-SILVEIRA, A.1 aPEREYRA, S.1 aWARD, T.J.1 aVERO, S.  tFood Microbiologygv. 76, December 2018, p. 426-433.