03666naa a2200241 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902200140006002400360007410000200011024501260013026000090025650011720026552017320143765000180316965000110318765300270319865300220322565300150324770000140326270000150327677301330329110606922020-05-29       2020    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d  a1125-46537 a10.1007/s42161-019-00396-22DOI1 aBERNASCHINA, Y.  aGenetic diversity evidence a mixed reproduction mode in Venturia oleaginea populations in Uruguay.h[electronic resource]  c2020  aArticle history: Received: 15 June 2018 / Accepted: 3 September 2019 / Published online: 17 October 2019. Funding text: This research was funded by The National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIA - Uruguay). The first author granted a scholarship from The National Agency for Research and Innovation, Uruguay (ANII grant POS_NAC_2014_1_102182) and from UdelaR to carry out this research as part of her Master Degree. The authors are grateful to Dr. Guillermo Perez for his substantial contributions along the research process, particularly in analysis and discussion of genetic diversity data. Also we are grateful to Paula Conde and Jose Villamil for their support in contacting the surveyed orchards and to the owners of olive orchards, and to Pedro Mondino for his assistance in obtaining monoconidial isolates. Partial results were presented at XXV Congress Sociedad Chilena de Fitopatología ? XIX Congreso Asociación Latinoamericana de Fitopatología y LVII APS Caribbean Division Meeting, Termas de Chillán, Chile, 2-5 October, 2017. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.  aABSTRACT. Olive scab caused by Venturia oleaginea is one of the most important diseases of olive worldwide. The fungus infects young leaves and fruits by asexually produced conidia. The sexual stage and its importance in the epidemiology and genetics of the pathogen population is unknown. A collection of 52 fungal isolates was obtained from scabbed leaves collected in 16 orchards from three major regions in Uruguay. All isolates were identified as V. oleaginea by PCR with specific primers and sequence analysis of the TEF-1α gene region. Five colony morphotypes and different growing rates were observed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Universally primed polymerase chain reaction (UP-PCR) was successfully used for assessing the genetic diversity and population structure of the V. oleaginea isolates, whereas ISSR was unable to generate reproducible and polymorphic bands. Two populations genetically different were identified: [1] composed by 21 isolates mainly from Southern and South-Western regions; [2] composed by 31 isolates mainly from South-Eastern and Southern regions. Both populations showed a moderate gene diversity expressed as hNei = 0.163 and 0.212 for population [1] and [2], respectively. There was evidence of linkage disequilibrium in both populations, rejecting the null hypothesis of random mating as the predominant reproduction mode, a typical result of clonal populations. However, all isolates were genotypically different, an indirect evidence of recombination. We conclude that V. oleaginea populations in Uruguay present a mixed mode of reproduction, a characteristic of many pathogens that are difficult to control.  © 2019, Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.).  aOLEA EUROPAEA  aOLIVOS  aFusicladium oleagineum  aGenetic diversity  aOlive scab1 aLEONI, C.1 aALANIZ, S.  tJournal of Plant Pathology, 1 February 2020, Volume 102, Issue 1, Pages 123-133. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-019-00396-2