02659naa a2200277 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400450006010000210010524501670012626000090029350001040030252016870040665000100209365300190210365300200212265300180214265300150216065300090217570000140218470000180219870000170221670000210223370000200225477301070227410610372021-02-08       2020    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d7 ahttps://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2020.322DOI1 aDIEZ VIGNOLA, M.  aLimited induction of ethylene and cyanide synthesis are observed in quinclorac-resistant barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in Uruguay.h[electronic resource]  c2020  aArticle history: Article accepted and Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 April 2020  aAbstract: Barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv] is the foremost weed in rice (Oryza sativa L.) systems and its control is crucial to successful rice production. Quinclorac, a synthetic auxin herbicide, has been used effectively to manage E. crus-galli. However, the occurrence of quinclorac-resistant genotypes are frequently reported, and its resistance evolution has questioned the continued utility of quinclorac for grass control. Identification of the resistance mechanism(s) of resistant genotypes will facilitate development of integrated weed management strategies that sustain quinclorac use for management of E. crus-galli. We evaluated the responses to quinclorac of two contrasting genotypes: E7 (resistant, R) and LM04 (susceptible, S). Quinclorac induced ethylene and cyanide biosynthesis in the S-genotype. Both genotypes responded similarly to an increasing application of exogenous 1-carboxylic acid aminocyclopropane (ACC) and potassium cyanide (KCN), and their growth was inhibited at higher doses. The key mechanism for cyanide (HCN) detoxification in plants, β-cyanoalanine synthase (β-CAS) activity, was evaluated in both genotypes, and no significant difference was observed in the basal activity. However, quinclorac significantly induced β-CAS-like activity in the S-genotype, which is consistent with the increased synthesis of ethylene and cyanide. This work suggests that the resistance to quinclorac of the E7 R-genotype is likely related to an alteration in the auxin signal transduction pathway, causing a lower stimulation of ACC synthase and, therefore, limited synthesis of ethylene and HCN after quinclorac treatment.  aARROZ  a?-CYANOALANINE  aAUXIN HERBICIDE  aBARNYARDGRASS  aRECISTANCE  aRICE1 aSAINZ, M.1 aSALDAIN, N.E.1 aMARCHESI, C.1 aBONNECARRERE, V.1 aDÍAZ GADEA, P.  tWeed Science, 1 July 2020, Volume 68, Issue 4, Pages 348-357. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2020.32