02661naa a2200337 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902200140006002400390007410000160011324501370012926000090026650003610027552013150063665300260195165300250197765300110200265300250201365300170203865300240205570000190207970000160209870000170211470000160213170000160214770000130216370000160217670000160219270000200220877300950222810623442021-08-10       2021    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d  a0041-01017 a10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.06.0192DOI1 aMACHADO, M.  aEndemic Xanthium strumarium poisoning in cattle in flooded areas of the Araguari River, Minas Gerais, Brazil.h[electronic resource]  c2021  aArticle history: Received 22 May 2021; Received in revised form 29 June 2021; Accepted 30 June 2021; Available online 2 July 2021. Corresponding author: Riet-Correa, F.; Graduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; email:franklinrietcorrea@gmail.com  aABSTRACT - In this paper, we describe poisoning outbreaks of Xanthium strumarium in cattle on the borders of the Araguari River, Southeastern Brazil. In this region, several hydroelectric plants promote transient flooding, which creates a favorable environment for the invasion of X. strumarium in extensive areas, often as the predominant species in those areas. The outbreaks occurred between July and September (dry season). Bovines of all ages were affected, including suckling animals. Mortality varied from 2% to 5.5%. The animals exhibited ataxia, weakness, loss of balance, recumbency, and the majority were found dead. Laboratory results showed a marked increase in the serum activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase. Histological and ultrastructural changes in the liver consisted of centrilobular necrosis and hemorrhage. On toxicological evaluation, the dicotyledons contained 0.30 μg/mg of atractyloside and 0.37 μg/mg of carboxyatractyloside. Considerable economic loss has occurred in this region due to the lack of knowledge regarding X. strumarium as a toxic plant and its adaptation to the environmental and climatic conditions of the region, which have made the condition endemic.  © 2021 Elsevier Ltd  aAcute hepatotoxicosis  aCarboxyatractyloside  aCattle  aHydroelectric plants  aToxic plants  aXanthium strumarium1 aQUEIROZ C.R.R.1 aWILSON T.M.1 aSOUSA D.E.R.1 aCASTRO M.B.1 aSARAVIA, A.1 aLEE S.T.1 aARMIEN A.G.1 aBARROS S.S.1 aRIET-CORREA, F.  tToxicon, 2021, volume 200, pages 23-29. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.06.019