03975naa a2200277 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902200200006002400340008010000200011424501220013426000090025650013320026552017480159765300150334565300270336065300400338765300190342765300360344665300410348265300160352370000150353970000140355470000170356877301120358510644672024-02-20       2023    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d  aeISSN 2624-85497 a10.3390/chemistry50401432DOI1 aSANGUIÑEDO, P.  aBiogenic silver and copper nanoparticlesbpotential antifungal agents in rice and wheat crops.h[electronic resource]  c2023  aArticle history: Submission received: 5 August 2023; Revised: 2 October 2023; Accepted: 4 October 2023; Published: 6 October 2023. -- Academic editor: Simona Concilio -- Supplementary Materials: The following supporting information can be downloaded at - https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/chemistry5040143/s1 -- Funding: This research was funded by Project INNOVAGRO FSA_1_2018_1_152546 (Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación-Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria), Posgrado en Biotecnología y Comisión Académica de Posgrado (CAP) (Universidad de la República, Uruguay), Program for the Development of Basic Sciences (PEDECIBA-Química) and Sociedad Uruguaya de Microbiología (SUM). -- Acknowledgments: The authors acknowledge Sebastian Martínez, Sandra Lupo, and Silvia Pereyra, who kindly provided the fungal strains used in this study. -- This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Antimicrobial Materials (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/chemistry/special_issues/Antimicrobial_Material ) -- Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). -- Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI).  aABSTRACT.- Metal nanoparticles are widely studied due to their various applications, such as their potential use in the control of phytopathogens and the promotion of plant growth, with a significant impact on agriculture. Various microbial metabolites are used to reduce and stabilize metals and metal oxides to the nanoscale. In the present work, the biological synthesis of silver and copper oxide nanoparticles using Trichoderma harzianum TA2 is reported. The nanoparticles were purified and characterized with complementary methodologies to obtain information on the size, distribution, morphology, surface charge, and functional groups of the nanoparticles. The in vitro antifungal activity of the nanoparticles against pathogens of rice and wheat, as well as their effect on seed germination, were evaluated. In general, the nanoparticles showed a spherical shape, an average size of 17-26 nm, and low polydispersity. Furthermore, they showed antifungal activity at low concentrations against Sclerotium oryzae (0.140 nM), Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae (0.140 nM), Fusarium graminearum (0.034 nM), and Pyricularia oryzae (0.034 nM). The germination of seeds treated with nanoparticles was not negatively affected. This is the first report of biogenic silver and copper oxide nanoparticles from a single strain of T.harzianum with antifungal activity against four phytopathogens of interest in Uruguay. Furthermore, the synthesis of the biogenic nanoparticles was faster and more efficient than previous reports using other fungi. In conclusion, this work reveals that biogenic metallic nanoparticles from T. harzianum TA2 can be considered as candidates for the control of phytopathogens affecting important crops.. © 2023 by the authors.  aAntifungal  aBiogenic nanoparticles  aPartnership for the goals - Goal 17  aPhytopathogens  aPLATAFORMA DE BIOINSUMOS - INIA  aSustainable Development Goals (SDGs)  aTrichoderma1 aFACCIO, R.1 aABREO, E.1 aALBORÉS, S.  tChemistry (Switzerland). 2023, 15(4): 2104-2119. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry5040143  --  OPEN ACCESS.